Fatwa ID: 09061
Answered by Muftiyah Aisha Qureshi
Question:
السلام علیکم ورحمة الله وبركاته
I have two questions, but they are not urgent.
- If someone has a $10k debt, and only has $5k in zakat eligible assets, but is expecting like $10k from a bonus or tax refund in a few months, do they need to pay zakat?
- Is the reward for Ishrak only if someone physically remains in their seat and doesn’t talk to anyone else or go on their phone? Will someone who prays Fajr at the masjid then drives home to recite Quran until Ishrak get the full reward? Also, what’s the correct manner of praying Ishrak?
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
1. Zakat becomes obligatory only when a person possesses wealth above the Nisab after deducting their debts. [1]
In this case, someone has $5,000 in zakat-eligible assets but owes $10,000. After subtracting the debt, they do not reach the Nisab, On this basis, zakat is not obligatory upon them at present. [2]
Regarding the expected bonus or tax refund, even if it is guaranteed, it is not taken into consideration until it is received. Zakat is assessed based on wealth that is currently in one’s possession, not on future or expected income.
Once the person receives this money, they will reassess their situation. If, after deducting any remaining debts, their wealth reaches the Nisab and remains in their possession for a full lunar year, zakat will then become obligatory.
Therefore, at present, no zakat is due, as the individual’s debt exceeds their existing wealth, and the future income is not considered until it is received. [3]
2. The reward of Ishraq is based on the hadith in Sahih Muslim:
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ إِذَا صَلَّى الْفَجْرَ جَلَسَ فِي مُصَلاَّهُ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ حَسَنًا .
“The Prophet ﷺ would remain in his prayer place after Fajr until sunrise”, and the hadith in Jami al-Tirmidhi which states:
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ صَلَّى الْفَجْرَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ ثُمَّ قَعَدَ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَانَتْ لَهُ كَأَجْرِ حَجَّةٍ وَعُمْرَةٍ» . قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «تَامَّةٍ تَامَّةٍ تَامَّةٍ» . رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ
“Whoever prays Fajr in congregation, remains in dhikr until sunrise, then prays two rakahs, receives the reward of a complete Hajj and Umrah.” [4]
The specific reward is for remaining after Fajr in dhikr until sunrise in the place of prayer, then performing two rakahs, which is referred to as Ishraq (Duha). [5]
Salah al-Duha is a voluntary prayer of at least two rakahs, and it may be increased up to twelve rakahs. [6] It is prayed like any other nafl prayer with the intention of Duha or Ishraq, after the sun has fully risen and approximately 15–20 minutes have passed.
If a person prays Fajr in the masjid and then goes home to recite Qur’an or do dhikr until Ishraq, they still get reward for worship, but the specific reward mentioned in the hadith is linked to remaining in dhikr in the place of prayer until Ishraq.
Only Allah ﷻ knows best.
Written by Muftiyah Aisha Qureshi
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham
References:
[1]
قولنا: الزكاة واجبة، والوجوب من صفات الأفعال لا من صفات الأعيان. كذا في ” المبسوط “. ثم قال: يجوز أن يقال: إن الزكاة في اصطلاح الشرع عبارة: عن إخراج الحر البالغ المسلم العاقل إذا ملك نصابا ملكا تاما طائفة من المال إلى المصرف؛ لرضا الله تعالى لإسقاط الفرض عن وجه ينقطع نفع المؤدى من المؤدي
Binaya Sharh al hidaya vol 3 pg. 288 Maktaba Shamila
[2]
(ومن كان عليه دين يحيط بماله فلا زكاة عليه) ش: هو قول عثمان بن عفان، وابن عباس، وابن عمر، وطاوس، وعطاء – رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ -، والحسن، وإبراهيم، وسليمان ابن يسار، والزهري، وابن سيرين، والثوري، والليث بن سعد، وأحمد بن حنبل – رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ -.
Binaya sharh al hidaya, vol 3 pg 300
[3]
أَمَّا الْأَوَّلُ فَهُوَ عَلَى الِاخْتِلَافِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا وَجْهُ قَوْلِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ أَدَاءَ الزَّكَاةِ أَدَاءُ الْوَاجِبِ، وَأَدَاءُ الْوَاجِبِ وَلَا وُجُوبَ لَا يَتَحَقَّقُ، وَلَا وُجُوبَ قَبْلَ الْحَوْلِ؛ لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «لَا زَكَاةَ فِي مَالٍ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ»
Badai al Sanai, vol 2 pg 51, maktaba shamila
[4]
قوله: (ثم صلي ركعتين) أي بعد طلوع الشمس قال الطيبي: أي ثم صلي بعد ان ترتفع الشمس قدر رمح حتي يخرج وقت الكراهة، وهذاه الصلاة تسمي صلاة الاشراق وهي اول صلاة الضحي.
(قال رسول الله ﷺ تامة تامة تامة) صفة لحجة وعمرة كررها ثلاثا للتاكيد
Tuhfatul ahwadhi, vol 3 pg 132, Darul kutub al ilmiyah Beirut
[5]
ومن المستحب لزوم موضع صلاة الصبح والاقبال علي الذكر، كذا في الاكمال
Fath al mulhim bi sharh sahih al muslim, vol 4 pg 17, maktaba darul uloom karachi
[6]
وَالتَّوْفِيقُ مَا أَشَارَ إلَيْهِ بَعْضُ الْمُحَقِّقِينَ أَنَّ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ أَقَلُّ الْمَرَاتِبِ وَالْأَرْبَعُ أَدْنَى الْكَمَالِ (قَوْلُهُ وَأَكْثَرُهَا اثْنَا عَشَرَ) لِمَا رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ فِيهِ ضَعْفٌ أَنَّهُ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – قَالَ «مَنْ صَلَّى الضُّحَى ثِنْتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً بَنَى اللَّهُ لَهُ قَصْرًا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ» وَقَدْ تَقَرَّرَ أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ
Rad al muhtar, vol 2 pg 23, maktaba shamila