Can A Non-Bāligh (Pre-Pubescent) Boy Lead Tarāwīḥ?

CategoriesSalaah [1,036]

Fatwa ID: 08523

 

 

Answered by Mufti Muhammad Altaf Hossen 

 

Question:

 

Can a boy aged 13 (not Baligh) lead Taraweh prayers

 

 

 

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer:

 

It is not permissible for a non-Baligh boy aged 13 to lead the Taraweh  prayers. If the thirteen-year-old hafiz is a baligh (adult), then it is permissible for him to lead the congregation in any prayer.  On the other hand, if he is not baligh , then he may not lead adults in any prayer.

 

 

The fuqaha(scholars) have defined a baligh as one who has ejaculated, whether in the form of a wet dream or impregnation, after the age of twelve for a boy and nine for a girl.  However, regardless of whether this occurs or not, if either the boy or girl reaches the age of fifteen, then he/she will be considered as a baligh. Therefore, if the thirteen-year-old admits to being a baligh according to this definition, then his word will be accepted. (1-6)

 

 

Children are not mukallaf, or legally responsible, and so any prayers they do pray are counted as nafl (not-obligatory) prayers. One who is praying a fardh prayer cannot follow an imam who is praying nafl prayers, so an adult praying fardh similarly cannot follow a child whose prayers are all effectively nafl prayers.

 

 

Other schools of thought permit following a child in prayer using the hadeeth of ‘Amr ibn Salamah in Sahihh al-Bukhari and other collections as evidence for their position.

 

 

When ‘Amr ibn Salamah was a boy, his tribe had just accepted Islam and they were told that the one amongst them who memorized the most Qur’an should lead the prayers. So when they returned to their homes, they found that ‘Amr, a six or seven year old boy at the time, had memorised the most Qur’an of them all. After teaching him how to pray, he became their Imam.

 

 

The Hanafi scholars do not question the authenticity of this hadeeth, however, they did not hold it admissible as proof since the permission to make the child their Imam was never heard directly from the Prophet (peace be upon him), rather it was by the tribe’s own legal discretion (ijtihad). The actions of a child or a newly-converted tribe cannot be used as evidence, especially when senior Sahaba such as Abu Bakr and ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) never appointed a child to be an Imam.

 

 

Finally, there is a saying of Ibn ‘Abbas found in the collections of ‘Abdur Razaq, Ibn Abi Shaibah and al-Baihaqi that, “A boy is not made an imam until he experiences a wet dream.” This is one of the signs of puberty, and thus Islamic adulthood. However, if an adult prayed behind a child in the past, they need not make up their prayers because there is a valid difference of opinion on this issue between the Sunni schools of law.

 

 

Although some opinions state that a child can lead Taraweh prayers in Ramadan, this is not the strongest position in the Hanafi school. However, suppose one finds that his masjid took the other opinion and appointed a child who is a hafiz of the Qur’an as the Imam for Taraweh prayers because no one else was qualified in the community.

 

 

 

 

References:

 

The name of the book: المحيط البرهاني في الفقه النعماني: فقه الإمام أبي حنيفة رضي الله عنه

Writer : المؤلف: برهان الدين أبو المعالي محمود بن أحمد بن عبد العزيز بن عمر بن مَازَةَ البخاري الحنفي (ت ٦١٦ هـ)
المحقق: عبد الكريم سامي الجندي

Chapter : كتاب الصلاة.  Bab:  :   الفصل الثالث عشر:2/262-263؛ 

 

 

نوع آخر في إمامة الصبي في التراويح جوزها أكثر علماء خراسان رحمهم الله تعالى ولم يجوزها مشايخ العراق رحمهم الله تعالى وفي الفتاوى عن نصير بن يحيى قال لا بأس بأن يؤم الصبي في شهر رمضان إذا بلغ عشر سنين يعني في التراويح وقال محمد بن سلمة لا يجوز وعن محمد بن مقاتل أنه قال يجوز في التراويح خاصة وكان الحسن بن علي رضي الله تعالى عنهما يؤم عائشة رضي الله تعالى عنها وعن أبيها في التراويح وأنه صبي وكان القاضي الإمام أبو علي النسفي رحمه الله تعالى يفتي بالجواز وكان الشيخ الإمام الأجل شمس الأئمة السرخسي رحمه الله تعالى يفتي بعدم الجواز وكان يقول الإمام ضامن والصبي لا يصلح للضمان ولأن صلاة القوم صلاة حقيقة وصلاة الصبي ليست بحقيقة فلا يجوز بناء الحقيقي على غير الحقيقي

 

 

2) وينبني على هذا الخلاف اقتداء البالغين بالصبيان في الفرائض أنه لا يجوز عندنا… وأما في التطوعات فقد روي عن محمد بن مقاتل الرازي أنه أجاز ذلك في التراويح والأصح أن ذلك لا يجوز عندنا لا في الفريضة ولا في التطوع لأن تحريمة الصبي انعقدت لنفل غير مضمون عليه بالإفساد ونفل المقتدي البالغ مضمون عليه بالإفساد فلا يصح البناء

(بدائع الصنائع، كتاب الصلاة: 1/143؛ العربي)

 

 

(3) وإمامة الصبي المراهق لصبيان مثله يجوز كذا في الخلاصة وعلى قول أئمة بلخ يصح الاقتداء بالصبيان في التراويح والسنن المطلقة كذا في فتاوى قاضي خان المختار أنه لا يجوز في الصلوات كلها كذا في الهداية وهو الأصح هكذا في المحيط وهو قول العامة وهو ظاهر الرواية هكذا في البحر الرائق

(الفتاوى العالمكيرية، كتاب الصلاة، الباب الخامس، الفصل الثالث: 1/85؛ رشيدية)

( ولا يصح اقتداء رجل بامرأة ) وخنثى ( وصبي مطلقا ) ولو في جنازة ونفل على الأصح

قال الإمام ابن عابدين في حاشيته:

 

 

(4) قوله ( ونفل على الأصح ) قال في الهداية وفي التراويح والسنن المطلقة جوزه مشايخ بلخ ولم يجوزه مشايخنا ومنهم من حقق الخلاف في النفل المطلق بين أبي يوسف ومحمد والمختار أنه لا يجوز في الصلوات كلها

(رد المحتار، كتاب الصلاة، باب الإمامة: 1/576-578؛ سعيد)

 

 

(5) ( بلوغ الغلام بالاحتلام والإحبال والإنزال ) والأصل هو الإنزال ( والجارية بالاحتلام والحيض والحبل ) ولم يذكر الإنزال صريحا لأنه قلما يعلم منها ( فإن لم يوجد فيهما ) شيء ( فحتى يتم لكل منهما خمس عشرة سنة به يفتى ) ( وأدنى مدته له اثنتا عشرة سنة ولها تسع سنين ) هو المختار كما في أحكام الصغار ( فإن راهقا ) بأن بلغا هذا السن ( فقالا بلغنا صدقا إن لم يكذبهما الظاهر )

قال الإمام ابن عابدين:

فإن لم يوجد فيهما أي في الغلام والجارية شيء مما ذكر الخ مفاده أنه لا اعتبار لنبات العانة خلافا للشافعي ورواية عن أبي يوسف ولا اللحية وأما نهود الثدي فذكر الحموي أنه لا يحكم به في ظاهر الرواية وكذا ثقل الصوت كما في شرح النظم الهاملي أبو السعود وكذا شعر الساق والإبط والشارب

(المرجع السابق، كتاب الحجر، فصل بلوغ الغلام بالاحتلام إلخ: 6/153-154؛ سعيد)

 

 

 

 

Only Allah (عز و جل) knows best.

Written by Mufti Muhammad Altaf Hossen  

Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah

Darul Ifta Birmingham

 

 

 

 

 

 

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