Fatwa ID: 08501

 

 

Answered by Mufti Abdoullah Limvoonheek

 

Question:

 

Question is based on a situation that happened within a private company between the business owner and associate .

 

This is a company that does immigration work , for each individual they sponsor from overseas , there is around $40000-$50000 they receive from the government. The business associate had an agreement with the owner on some money to be split between the two with immigration work.

 

The business associate forged their signature and was going to go ahead to take all the money for himself without any consent of the owner, the owner caught him with the forged document before he could take anything , because of the worker , the company is now flagged by the CRA and they have to deal with questions from the government.

 

The company has not lost any money , but the owner wants to penalize the business associate with a feee so he does not do it again. Is it permissible for the owner to take money from the worker in this matter ?

 

 

 

 

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

 

Answer:

 

In islam there are rights for employees and employers. As muslim we have to abide to these principles to have a smooth and a peace environment.

 

The scholars mention that there are 2 kinds of employment. First one is where the employer gets paid at the end by doing a specific work. Second one is where the employer gets paid by submitting himself at certain time for some work even if he doesn’t do it diligently.

 

In the scenario mentioned, it will be the second one. When it comes to causing harm to the company by his doing, he will not be liable and there will be no penalty.

 

However if there was an agreement in the beginning as a contract which mention any harm or loss to the company one will have to pay, then he will have to abide to it. Keeping in mind that the employee must be lenient and gentle and take only to the extent of the damage or the loss.

 

Therefore in this case, if there money was not stolen and there are fees that need to be paid to the CRA. Then in case where there was an agreement, the money can be deduced. If there was no agreement, then it will be unjust and forbidden.

 

 

 

 

References:

 

م: (قال) ش: أي القدوري: م: (الأجراء على ضربين) ش: الأجراء على وزن فعلاء جمع أجير، قيل: هذا انقسام الشيء إلى نفسه وهو باطل.

أجيب: بأن الانقسام إذا دخل على الجمع ولا معهود يبطل معنى الجمع، فيكون الجنس فيصح الانقسام م: (أجير مشترك) ش: وسؤال عن وجه تقديمه على الخاص دوري م: (وأجير خاص) ش: أي والثاني أجير خاص

البناية ج١٠ ص٣١١

 

 

م: (قال) ش: أي القدوري: م: (ولا ضمان على الأجير الخاص فيما تلف في يده) ش: بأن سرق منه أو غاب أو غصب م: (ولا ما تلف من عمله) ش: بأن انكسر القدوم في عمله أو تخرق الثوب من دقه أو انفسد الطبخ أو احترق الخبز ونحو ذلك، وبه قالت الثلاثة

البناية ج١٠ ص٣٢٠

 

 

(قَوْلُهُ: وَلَا ضَمَانَ عَلَى الْأَجِيرِ الْخَاصِّ فِيمَا تَلِفَ فِي يَدِهِ) بِأَنْ سُرِقَ مِنْهُ، أَوْ غُصِبَ. (قَوْلُهُ: وَلَا مَا تَلِفَ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ) بِأَنْ انْكَسَرَ الْقِدْرُ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ، أَوْ تَخَرَّقَ الثَّوْبُ مِنْ دَقِّهِ وَهَذَا إذَا كَانَ مِنْ عَمَلٍ مُعْتَادٍ مُتَعَارَفٍ أَمَّا إذَا ضَرَبَ شَاةً فَفَقَأَ عَيْنَهَا، أَوْ كَسَرَ رِجْلَهَا كَانَ مُتَعَدِّيًا ضَامِنًا، وَإِذَا مَاتَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ الْغَنَمِ، أَوْ أَكَلَهُ الذِّئْبُ لَمْ يَضْمَنْ، وَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مَعَ يَمِينِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَمِينٌ وَكَذَا إذَا سَقَاهَا مِنْ نَهْرٍ فَغَرِقَتْ مِنْهَا شَاةٌ لَمْ يَضْمَنْ؛ لِأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُتَعَدٍّ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ هَلَكَ فِي الْمُدَّةِ نِصْفُ الْغَنَمِ، أَوْ أَكْثَرُ فَلَهُ الْأُجْرَةُ كَامِلَةً مَا دَامَ يَرْعَى مِنْهَا شَيْئًا؛ لِأَنَّ الْمَعْقُودَ عَلَيْهِ هُوَ تَسْلِيمُ نَفْسِهِ فِي الْمُدَّةِ وَقَدْ وُجِدَ وَلَيْسَ لِلرَّاعِي أَنْ يُنْزِيَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ بِغَيْرِ إذْنِ صَاحِبِهَا؛ لِأَنَّ الْإِنْزَاءَ حَمْلٌ عَلَيْهَا فَلَا يَجُوزُ بِغَيْرِ إذْنِ صَاحِبِهَا فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَعَطِبَتْ ضَمِنَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْفَحْلُ نَزَا عَلَيْهَا فَعَطِبَتْ فَلَا ضَمَانَ عَلَيْهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ بِغَيْرِ فِعْلِهِ، وَإِنْ نَدَّتْ وَاحِدَةٌ فَخَافَ إنْ تَبِعَهَا ضَاعَ الْبَاقِي فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَتْبَعُهَا وَلَا ضَمَانَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا عِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ؛ لِأَنَّ التَّدْلِيسَ مِنْ فِعْلِهِ وَعِنْدَهُمَا هُوَ ضَامِنٌ لِلَّتِي نَدَّتْ

الجوهرة النيرة ج١ ص٢٦٥

 

 

وَحُكْمُ أَجِيرِ الْوَحْدِ أَنَّهُ أَمِينٌ فِي قَوْلِهِمْ جَمِيعًا حَتَّى أَنَّ مَا هَلَكَ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ لَا ضَمَانَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ إلَّا إذَا خَالَفَ فِيهِ وَالْخِلَافُ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ بِعَمَلٍ فَيَعْمَلَ غَيْرَهُ فَيَضْمَنَ مَا تَوَلَّدَ مِنْهُ حِينَئِذٍ هَكَذَا فِي شَرْحِ الطَّحَاوِيِّ.

الفتاوى الهندية ج٤ ص٥٠٠

 

 

 

Only Allah (عز و جل) knows best.

Written by Mufti Abdoullah limvoonheek

Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah

Darul Ifta Birmingham