Fatwa ID: 02957

Answered by:  Maulana Muddasser Dhedhy​

Question:

Assalamu Alaikum Wa Rahmatullah

My father gives all of my brothers and sisters a house as a gift. I am the youngest child and I have not received a house yet and neither has 1 of my brothers. However, 2 of my older siblings have received homes already.

The houses were gifted over 10 years ago and have increased in value. Does my father have to give me a house of equivalent value of what their houses cost at that time? Or will he have to give me a house to the value of what the houses are right now?

Answer:

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

The Prophet (pbuh) has mentioned in a hadeeth:

عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ، أَتَى بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ إِنِّي نَحَلْتُ ابْنِي هَذَا غُلاَمًا‏.‏ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ أَكُلَّ وَلَدِكَ نَحَلْتَ مِثْلَهُ ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ لاَ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ فَارْجِعْهُ ‏"‏‏. (صحيح البخاري باب الْهِبَةِ لِلْوَلَدِ)

An-Nu`man bin Bashir narrated that his father took him to Allah's Messenger (pbuh) and said, "I have given this son of mine a slave." The Prophet (pbuh) asked, "Have you given all your sons the like?" He replied in the negative. The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Take back your gift then." (Sahih Al Bukhari)

Your father has complete ownership of his properties and he may distribute them amongst his children as he wills. However, if he gives one of his children more and another less with the intention of causing harm to the child who has been given less then this will constitute injustice and sin. If, for example, one of his children requires help financially and therefore your father wants to give him more than another then that is acceptable.^[1]

Only Allah Knows Best

Written by Maulana Muddasser Dhedhy

Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah

Darul Ifta Birmingham

^[1] وَفِي الْخَانِيَّةِ لَا بَأْسَ بِتَفْضِيلِ بَعْضِ الْأَوْلَادِ فِي الْمَحَبَّةِ لِأَنَّهَا عَمَلُ الْقَلْبِ، وَكَذَا فِي الْعَطَايَا إنْ لَمْ يَقْصِدْ بِهِ الْإِضْرَارَ، وَإِنْ قَصَدَهُ فَسَوَّى بَيْنَهُمْ يُعْطِي الْبِنْتَ كَالِابْنِ عِنْدَ الثَّانِي وَعَلَيْهِ الْفَتْوَى (رد المحتار ج 8 ص 501. دار الكتب العلمية)

وَلَوْ وَهَبَ رَجُلٌ شَيْئًا لِأَوْلَادِهِ فِي الصِّحَّةِ وَأَرَادَ تَفْضِيلَ الْبَعْضِ عَلَى الْبَعْضِ فِي ذَلِكَ لَا رِوَايَةَ لِهَذَا فِي الْأَصْلِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى – أَنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إذَا كَانَ التَّفْضِيلُ لِزِيَادَةِ فَضْلٍ لَهُ فِي الدِّينِ، وَإِنْ كَانَا سَوَاءً يُكْرَهُ وَرَوَى الْمُعَلَّى عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى – أَنَّهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إذَا لَمْ يَقْصِدْ بِهِ الْإِضْرَارَ، وَإِنْ قَصَدَ بِهِ الْإِضْرَارَ سَوَّى بَيْنَهُمْ يُعْطِي الِابْنَةَ مِثْلَ مَا يُعْطِي لِلِابْنِ وَعَلَيْهِ الْفَتْوَى هَكَذَا فِي فَتَاوَى قَاضِي خَانْ وَهُوَ الْمُخْتَارُ، كَذَا فِي الظَّهِيرِيَّةِ. رَجُلٌ وَهَبَ فِي صِحَّتِهِ كُلَّ الْمَالِ لِلْوَلَدِ جَازَ فِي الْقَضَاءِ وَيَكُونُ آثِمًا فِيمَا صَنَعَ، كَذَا فِي فَتَاوَى قَاضِي خَانْ. وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي وَلَدِهِ فَاسِقٌ لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ قُوتِهِ كَيْ لَا يَصِيرَ مُعِينًا لَهُ فِي الْمَعْصِيَةِ، كَذَا فِي خِزَانَةِ الْمُفْتِينَ. وَلَوْ كَانَ وَلَدُهُ فَاسِقًا وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَصْرِفَ مَالَهُ إلَى وُجُوهِ الْخَيْرِ وَيُحْرِمَهُ عَنْ الْمِيرَاثِ هَذَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ تَرْكِهِ، كَذَا فِي الْخُلَاصَةِ. وَلَوْ كَانَ الْوَلَدُ مُشْتَغِلًا بِالْعِلْمِ لَا بِالْكَسْبِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُفَضِّلَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ، كَذَا فِي الْمُلْتَقَطِ. (الفتاوى الهندية ج 4 ص 437. دار الكتب العلمية)

فتاوى محمودية ج 16 ص 496-501. دار الإفتاء جامعة فاروقية كراتشي