Aslamu Alaykum Hazrat Sahib, please have a look into the following question, and please answer in as much detial as possible according to the Hanaaf i have asked more then one question but you can see how close they are all linked so please answer all if not at least the first
 Its said that there is an allowance of 45 degree when facing the Qibla, what does this mean? one who is calculating the Qibla for the first time?

 Or is it also for the one who knows the direction (as all the mosques of the city face a particular direction and have done for over 25 years and that’s where the orignal qibla direction was recongnised at when the muslims arrived first in that city) but yet still choices to turn away up to 45 degree as he claims this is allowed?
 Once somone knows the direction of the Qibla then is he allowed to delibratley turn away 45 degrees or even one degree?
 Either way does the following argument hold any validity; if we face the actual direction of the Qibla due to the design of the room not as many people will fit in as they would if we delibratly turn away up to 45 degree?
 Would be greatful if you could give a written answer in as much detial as possible in English JazakAllahu Khair Wasalaam

In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful.

Answer

Islam is an easy religion for every one of its followers, whether he is an illiterate man or a skilful scholar.  It is necessary for a person living far way from Makkah Mukkaramah to exactly face to Qiblah whilst praying.   (Bahrur Raaiq p.300 v.1)

To use these kinds of modern technological equipment that determines the direction of the Qiblah was not the practice of the Sahabah Radiallahu Anhum or the Tabieen.

If they were away from home, then wherever there happened to be an existing mosque they would follow that in defining their Qiblah.   (Raddul Muhtar p.112 v.2)

For a person who lives far away from Makkah Mukkaramah, it could sometimes be very hard to predict the exact direction of Qiblah; therefore scholars gave different rulings to how many degrees out from the direction of the Qiblah one could be allowed in order for their salah to be valid. Scholars agree that anyone whilst facing in the direction of the Masjidul Haram, moves away from the 45⁰ mark, then his prayers would become invalid.  (Marrifus Sunan p.377 v.3)

With regards to your question, a Masjid intentionally should not have their Qiblah up to 45⁰ away from the direction of the Qiblah.  However, if they do, the salah would be valid. The reference given above from Maulana Yusuf Binnori’s (RA) Maarifus Sunan applies for whether it is done intentionally or unintentionally.

The conclusion we can come to be that an existing Masjid who’s Qiblah is within 45⁰ the Salah of the musalles will be correct. 

Only Allah Knows Best

Mohammed Tosir Miah

Darul Ifta Birmingham