Fatwa ID: 08828
Answered by: Mufti Muhammad Altaf Hossen
Question:
I have a question regarding Qurbani. Suppose there is a cow being shared by 7 people, and the total cost is €700. Six of them will participate in the meat cutting, while one person will not be involved in that process.
In this case, the one who is not helping will pay a bit more — for example, €150 — and the remaining €550 will be divided equally among the six who are helping. Is this arrangement permissible?
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
There are two aspects that the arrangement you described involves,
Sharing the cost of Qurbani and adjusting the shares based on labour or involvement.
1️. Sharing the Cost Based on Involvement:
In Qurbani (Udhiyah), the essential requirement is that each participant owns an equal share in the animal, regardless of their involvement in the slaughter or meat cutting. The concept of paying more or less based on participation in labour is not aligned with the principles of valid partnership (shirkah) in Qurbani.
Ruling of Islamic Shariah:
The ruling is mentioned in the book of (1)
كتاب البحر الرائق شرح كنز الدقائق
A condition for the validity of partnership in Qurbani is that the shares must be equal, and there should be no difference in the price among the partners. If one person pays more or less, the partnership becomes invalid.
وَهُوَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ – رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ – قَالَ «نَحَرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – الْبَقَرَةَ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ وَالْبَدَنَةَ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ» وَلَا نَصَّ فِي الشَّاةِ فَبَقِيَ عَلَى أَصْلِ الْقِيَاسِ وَتَجُوزُ عَنْ سِتَّةٍ، أَوْ خَمْسَةٍ، أَوْ أَرْبَعَةٍ، أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ ذَكَرَهُ فِي الْأَصْلِ لِأَنَّهُ لَمَّا جَازَ عَنْ سَبْعَةٍ فَمَا دُونَهَا أَوْلَى، وَلَا يَجُوزُ عَنْ ثَمَانِيَةٍ لِعَدَمِ النَّقْلِ فِيهِ وَكَذَا إذَا كَانَ نَصِيبُ أَحَدِهِمْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ سُبُعِ بَدَنَةٍ لَا يَجُوزُ عَنْ الْكُلِّ لِأَنَّهُ بَعْضُهُ إذَا خَرَجَ عَنْ كَوْنِهِ قُرْبَةً خَرَجَ كُلُّهُ وَيَجُوزُ عَنْ اثْنَيْنِ نِصْفًا فِي الْأَصَحِّ، وَإِذَا جَازَ عَنْ الشَّرِكَةِ يُقْسَمُ اللَّحْمُ بِالْوَزْنِ لِأَنَّهُ مَوْزُونٌ، وَإِذَا قَسَمُوا جُزَافًا لَا يَجُوزُ إلَّا إذَا كَانَ مَعَهُ شَيْءٌ آخَرُ مِنْ الْأَكَارِعِ وَالْجِلْدِ كَالْبَيْعِ لِأَنَّ الْقِسْمَةَ فِيهَا مَعْنَى الْمُبَادَلَةِ وَلَوْ اشْتَرَى بَقَرَةً يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ، ثُمَّ اشْتَرَكَ فِيهَا مَعَهُ سِتَّةٌ أَجْزَأَهُ
- The explanation of the statement:
In your case, the one who is not helping is paying €150, while the rest share the remaining €550, meaning his share is disproportionate. According to Hanafi principles, this invalidates the partnership because:
A) Qurbani shares are not based on labour or effort; they are based on equal ownership of the animal.
B) Each participant must equally own 1/7th of the animal’s value, irrespective of the work done during slaughtering.
Correct Method to make it valid:
All seven participants must pay an equal share of €100.
If one person does not want to participate in labour, the others can mutually agree to help, but it should not affect the price of their share.
References:
- The name of the book:
لكتاب: البحر الرائق شرح كنز الدقائق
The name of the writer:
زين الدين بن إبراهيم بن محمد، المعروف بابن نجيم المصري (ت
The publisher: : دار الكتاب الإسلامي
Topic: كتاب الأضحية
Volume: 08
Page Number 66 Shamilah
Only Allah (عز و جل) knows best.
Written by Mufti Muhammad Altaf Hossen
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham
