Fatwa ID: 03622
Answered by: Maulana Muddasser Dedhy
Question
Assalamu Alaikum Mufti Sahib,
I have a question regarding a masala.
There's a land. Ten people have a haq over it. Zaid tells the remaining 9 inheritors to come and demarcate your haq so I can take my portion. The remaining 9 inheritors don't come to demarcate and choose their portion of the land. Therefore, Zaid cannot demarcate his own portion because the remaining 9 inheritors might complain that ‘you took the good portion and left us the bad portion.’
So, Zaid starts farming on the land because he wants to make money and support his family. He does not know his specified portion due to the negligence of the other inheritors. Whatever crops are grown on this land, he sells them and makes money. The inheritors tell Zaid to give them some of the crops too, but he refuses. He says, “If you want the crops then come to take care of the land yourself. But if you will make me do the work and farm, then I want whatever is grown from this land as wages for the effort I make on this land”.
The remaining inheritors continue to complain about Zaid saying he is usurping their rights whilst they persist on not coming to demarcate their portions, and they refuse to work on the land to grow the crops. What should Zaid do in this situation? Is the income of Zaid halal?
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
In the Name of Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most-Merciful
Answer:
Inheritance is the estate left by the deceased without there being anyone having a right over it.[1]
In this situation, as Zaid has used his own equipment, seeds and seedlings after trying to divide the land fairly amongst the other inheritors and not receiving a response from them, the produce will be for him only and not for the other inheritors. After Zaid has reaped his produce, the land without his produce is the inheritance and can be divided amongst the 10 people.
Only Allah knows best
Written by Maulana Muddasser Dhedhy
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham
[1] (قَوْلُهُ الْخَالِيَةِ إلَخْ) صِفَةٌ كَاشِفَةٌ لِأَنَّ تَرَكَهُ الْمَيِّتُ مِنْ الْأَمْوَالِ صَافِيًا عَنْ تَعَلُّقِ حَقِّ الْغَيْرِ بِعَيْنٍ مِنْ الْأَمْوَالِ كَمَا فِي شُرُوحِ السِّرَاجِيَّةِ. (رد المحتار ج ص . دار الكتب العلمية)
الْمَادَّةِ (1089) – إذَا بَذَرَ بَعْضُ الْوَرَثَةِ الْحُبُوبَ الْمُشْتَرَكَةَ فِي الْأَرَاضِي الْمَوْرُوثَةِ بِإِذْنِ الْوَرَثَةِ الْآخَرِينَ أَوْ إذْنِ وَصِيِّهِمْ إذَا كَانُوا صِغَارًا فَتَكُونُ الْحَاصِلَاتُ مُشْتَرَكَةً بَيْنَهُمْ جَمِيعًا وَلَوْ بَذَرَ أَحَدُهُمْ حُبُوبَ نَفْسِهِ فَحَاصِلَاتُهَا لَهُ إلَّا أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ ضَامِنًا حِصَّةَ الْوَرَثَةِ فِي نُقْصَانِ الْأَرْضِ النَّاشِئِ عَنْ زِرَاعَتِهَا اُنْظُرْ مَادَّةَ 907 ( درر الحكام في شرح مجلة الأحكام ج 3 ص 51. دار عالم الكتب)
[خَاتِمَةٌ بِفَرْعٍ مُهِمٍّ] يَقَعُ كَثِيرًا ذَكَرَهُ فِي التَّتَارْخَانِيَّة وَغَيْرِهَا: مَاتَ رَجُلٌ وَتَرَكَ أَوْلَادًا صِغَارًا وَكِبَارًا وَامْرَأَةً وَالْكِبَارُ مِنْهَا أَوْ مِنْ امْرَأَةٍ غَيْرِهَا فَحَرَثَ الْكِبَارُ وَزَرَعُوا فِي أَرْضِ الْغَيْرِ كَمَا هُوَ الْمُعْتَادُ وَالْأَوْلَادُ كُلُّهُمْ فِي عِيَالٍ الْمَرْأَةِ تَتَعَاهَدُهُمْ وَهُمْ يَزْرَعُونَ وَيَجْمَعُونَ الْغَلَّاتِ فِي بَيْتٍ وَاحِدٍ وَيُنْفِقُونَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ جُمْلَةً صَارَتْ هَذِهِ وَاقِعَةَ الْفَتْوَى: وَاتَّفَقَتْ الْأَجْوِبَةُ أَنَّهُمْ إنْ زَرَعُوا مِنْ بَذْرٍ مُشْتَرَكٍ بَيْنَهُمْ بِإِذْنِ الْبَاقِينَ لَوْ كِبَارًا أَوْ إذْنِ الْوَصِيِّ لَوْ صِغَارًا فَالْغَلَّةُ مُشْتَرَكَةٌ، وَإِنْ مِنْ بَذْرِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ أَوْ بَذْرٍ مُشْتَرَكٍ بِلَا إذْنٍ فَالْغَلَّةُ لِلزَّارِعِينَ اهـ. وَاَللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ. (رد المحتار ج 9 ص 412. دار الكتب العلمية)
أحسن الفتاوى ج 9 ص 285-287. ايج ايم سعيد كمبني
كتاب النوازل ج 18 ص 125-134. المركز العلمي للنشر و التحقيق لال باغ مراد آباد
