Fatwa ID: 07867
Answered by Mawlana Muhammad Zubair Khan Alizai
Question:
Why does talaq rajjii occur with sareeh and talaq baain with kinaaya?
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
Talaaq Rajjii (ie revocable divorce) occur with Sareeh (ie clear words) and no consideration is given to intenton or situation, and Talaaq Baain (ie irrevocable divorce) occur with Kinaayah (ie ambiguous words) but depends on the intention and situation.
Your question if I understand it correctly is why is it that there are different types of talaaq and depending on which talaaq one uses the outcome differs.
This is based on Quran, Sunnah, Ijmaa and the way jurists have explained the difference between them.
Words such as I divorce you or you are divorced are clear words of talaaq and they can not mean anything else besides talaaq hence it will result in Talaaq Rajjii (ie revocable divorce) and the husband can take his wife back during the iddah through verbally saying I take you back or through physically like having intercourse with her, or kissing her or touching her with lust.
Whereas words such as go away or leave me alone are ambiguous words and if the husband had intention of giving talaaq or the situation surrounding it was the discussion on talaaq then Talaaq Baain (ie irrevocable divorce) will occur and he can’t take his wife back in the iddah, but if they wish to reconcile after iddah they have to renew their nikaah, with a new dowry and with having witnesses etc.
Only Allah knows best
Written by Maulana Muhammad Zubair Khan Alizai
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham
References:
- Surah Baqarah verse nr 229.
{ ٱلطَّلَـٰقُ مَرَّتَانِۖ فَإِمۡسَاكُۢ بِمَعۡرُوفٍ أَوۡ تَسۡرِیحُۢ بِإِحۡسَـٰنࣲۗ وَلَا یَحِلُّ لَكُمۡ أَن تَأۡخُذُوا۟ مِمَّاۤ ءَاتَیۡتُمُوهُنَّ شَیۡـًٔا إِلَّاۤ أَن یَخَافَاۤ أَلَّا یُقِیمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِۖ فَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا یُقِیمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَیۡهِمَا فِیمَا ٱفۡتَدَتۡ بِهِۦۗ تِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَعۡتَدُوهَاۚ وَمَن یَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ }
Divorce is twice; then either to retain in all fairness, or to release nicely. It is not lawful for you to take back anything from what you have given them, unless both apprehend that they would not be able to maintain the limits set by Allah. Now, if you apprehend that they would not maintain the limits set by Allah, then, there is no sin on them in what she gives up to secure her release. These are the limits set by Allah. Therefore, do not exceed them. Whosoever exceeds the limits set by Allah, then, those are the transgressors.
- رد المحتار على الدر المختار المكتبة دار الفكر المجلد ٣ الصفحة ٢٣٠، ٢٤٧
[أَلْفَاظ الطَّلَاق]
(قَوْلُهُ صَرِيحٌ) هُوَ مَا لَا يُسْتَعْمَلُ إلَّا فِي حَلِّ عُقْدَةِ النِّكَاحِ سَوَاءً كَانَ الْوَاقِعُ بِهِ رَجْعِيًّا أَوْ بَائِنًا كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ فِي الْبَابِ الْآتِي …
(قَوْلُهُ وَكِنَايَةٌ) هِيَ مَا لَمْ يُوضَعْ لِلطَّلَاقِ وَاحْتَمَلَهُ وَغَيْرَهُ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي فِي بَابِهِ …
[بَابُ صَرِيحِ الطَّلَاق]
(قَوْلُهُ مَا لَمْ يُسْتَعْمَلْ إلَّا فِيهِ) أَيْ غَالِبًا كَمَا يُفِيدُهُ كَلَامُ الْبَحْرِ. وَعَرَّفَهُ فِي التَّحْرِيرِ بِمَا يَثْبُتُ حُكْمُهُ الشَّرْعِيُّ بِلَا نِيَّةٍ، وَأَرَادَ بِمَا اللَّفْظَ أَوْ مَا يَقُومُ مَقَامَهُ مِنْ الْكِتَابَةِ الْمُسْتَبِينَةِ أَوْ الْإِشَارَةِ الْمَفْهُومَةِ فَلَا يَقَعُ بِإِلْقَاءِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَحْجَارٍ إلَيْهَا أَوْ بِأَمْرِهَا بِحَلْقِ شَعْرِهَا وَإِنْ اعْتَقَدَ الْإِلْقَاءَ وَالْحَلْقَ طَلَاقًا كَمَا قَدَّمْنَاهُ لِأَنَّ رُكْنَ الطَّلَاقِ اللَّفْظُ أَوْ مَا يَقُومُ مَقَامَهُ مِمَّا ذُكِرَ كَمَا مَرَّ (قَوْلُهُ وَلَوْ بِالْفَارِسِيَّةِ) فَمَا لَا يُسْتَعْمَلُ فِيهَا إلَّا فِي الطَّلَاقِ فَهُوَ صَرِيحٌ يَقَعُ بِلَا نِيَّةٍ، وَمَا اُسْتُعْمِلَ فِيهَا اسْتِعْمَالَ الطَّلَاقِ وَغَيْرِهِ فَحُكْمُهُ حُكْمُ كِنَايَاتِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ فِي جَمِيعِ الْأَحْكَامِ بَحْرٌ.
