Fatwa ID: 08652
Answered by: Alimah Maryam Badshah
Question:
My question is that, if buying car insurance is permissible for a person as he is forced to buy that because that is the country law in order to drive cars in the Netherlands, then is it permissible for a Bangladeshi citizen to become a dutch citizen and take the oath? It is as follows.
‘I swear that I will respect the constitutional order of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, its freedoms and rights, and I swear that I will faithfully fulfil my obligations as a Dutch citizen’. Followed by: ‘So help me God’
As the person clearly says that he will be following the obligations upon him as a dutch citizen. As a conclusion, Does not the matter of buying insurance then become willingly as he become citizen voluntarily and took the oath of following the obligations while he was not required to take the citizenship as he had permanent residency?
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
The problem in your situation would not be the oath of citizenship, but whether the country you are residing in requires cars to have insurance in order for them to be used on public roads. Permanent residents of the Kingdom of Netherlands are required to follow the Kingdom’s laws, which would include car insurance.
Whilst insurance is impermissible, some scholars in the UK have permitted car insurance through the concept of necessity (dharurah) and have stated that if it cannot be avoided completely, the bare-minimum car insurance required by a country’s law is permissible. However, I would suggest seeking alternative modes of transport or looking into the exemption from third-party car insurance the Netherlands offers, where a person can make an application for exemption for religious reasons.
References:
لِمَا رَوَى أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعٍ وَشَرْطٍ» وَالنَّهْيُ يَقْتَضِي فَسَادَ الْمَنْهِيِّ فَيَدُلُّ عَلَى فَسَادِ كُلِّ بَيْعٍ وَشَرْطٍ إلَّا مَا خُصَّ عَنْ عُمُومِ النَّصِّ؛ وَلِأَنَّ هَذِهِ الشُّرُوطَ بَعْضُهَا فِيهِ مَنْفَعَةٌ زَائِدَةٌ تَرْجِعُ إلَى الْعَاقِدَيْنِ، أَوْ إلَى غَيْرِهِمَا، وَزِيَادَةُ مَنْفَعَةٍ مَشْرُوطَةٍ فِي عَقْدِ الْبَيْعِ تَكُونُ رِبًا وَالرِّبَا حَرَامٌ، وَالْبَيْعُ الَّذِي فِيهِ رِبًا فَاسِدٌ وَبَعْضُهَا فِيهِ غَرَرٌ «، وَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعٍ فِيهِ غَرَرٌ» وَالْمَنْهِيُّ عَنْهُ فَاسِدٌ، وَبَعْضُهَا شَرْطُ التَّلَهِّي وَأَنَّهُ مَحْظُورٌ، وَبَعْضُهَا يُغَيِّرُ مُقْتَضَى الْعَقْدِ وَهُوَ مَعْنَى الْفَسَادِ، إذْ الْفَسَادُ هُوَ التَّغْيِيرُ وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Badā’i’ Al-Ṣanā’i’ (Vol.5, pg.175-6, Dār Al-Kutub Al-’Ilmiyyah)
وَلَوْ صَالَحَ عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ حَقِّهِ قَدْرًا وَوَصْفًا، أَوْ قَدْرًا لَا وَصْفًا لَا يَجُوزُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ رِبًا،
Badā’i’ Al-Ṣanā’i’ (Vol.6, pg.45, Dār Al-Kutub Al-’Ilmiyyah)
وَأَمَّا شَرَائِطُ الصِّحَّةِ فَعَامَّةٌ وَخَاصَّةٌ فَالْعَامَّةُ لِكُلِّ بَيْعٍ مَا هُوَ شَرْطُ الِانْعِقَادِ؛ لِأَنَّ مَا لَا يَنْعَقِدُ لَمْ يَصِحَّ وَلَا يَنْعَكِسُ، فَإِنَّ الْفَاسِدَ عِنْدَنَا مُنْعَقِدٌ نَافِذٌ إذَا اتَّصَلَ بِهِ الْقَبْضُ، وَمِنْهَا أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ مُؤَقَّتًا، فَإِنْ أَقَّتَهُ لَمْ يَصِحَّ بِخِلَافِ الْإِجَارَةِ، فَإِنَّ التَّأْقِيتَ شَرْطُهَا، وَمِنْهَا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَبِيعُ مَعْلُومًا وَالثَّمَنُ مَعْلُومًا عِلْمًا يَمْنَعُ مِنْ الْمُنَازَعَةِ فَالْمَجْهُولُ جَهَالَةً مُفْضِيَةً إلَيْهَا غَيْرُ صَحِيحٍ كَشَاةٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْقَطِيعِ وَبَيْعُ الشَّيْءِ بِقِيمَتِهِ وَبِحُكْمِ فُلَانٍ، وَمِنْهَا خُلُوُّهُ عَنْ شَرْطٍ مُفْسِدٍ وَهُوَ أَنْوَاعٌ شُرِطَ فِي وُجُودِهِ غَرَرٌ…
Al-Bahr Al-Rāiq (Vol.5, pg.281, Dār Al-Kitab Al-Islami)
Only Allah (عز و جل) knows best
Written by Alimah Maryam Badshah
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham
