Fatwa ID: 08424
Written by: Alimah Saleha Bukhari Islam
Question:
As per the Hanafi school of thought, any pure liquid that can lift filth is considered valid for purification. I would like clarification regarding purifying carpets through the use of detergent water, bleach water, or soap water—where the water has changed in smell, taste, and color but retains its ability to remove filth.
If a carpet has dried impurity (e.g., dried urine) and I overwhelm the entire area with such a liquid until no visible traces remain, then leave it to dry in the sun, have I successfully purified the carpet, or have I merely spread the impurity further? Would this method be considered sufficient in Hanafi fiqh, or is plain water required for final purification?
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
According to the Hanafi school of thought, the approach to removing impurities depends on whether they are visible or invisible. Visible impurities, such as blood or faeces, must be completely removed, including their essence and traces. This can be achieved through washing until clear, although stains that are difficult to remove can be disregarded. For dried impurities with substance, scraping or wiping with a wet rag until the impurity and its traces are gone is effective. There is no specific number of washings specified as one thorough wash may suffice if it removes all traces. [1]
For invisible impurities like urine, the area should be washed three times with thorough squeezing or drying after each wash to ensure all traces are removed. If it’s not feasible to squeeze the area, like with glued-down carpets, pouring water over it three times and allowing it to dry sufficiently each time is required.[2]
For situations where pouring water is impractical, scrubbing with a visibly wet rag until the impurity is removed is recommended. These listed methods ensure the purification of the affected areas, with special focus on the thorough and adequate drying or squeezing to prevent the spread of impurity. Thereafter, no further action is required. [3]
References:
[1] قَالَ فِي الْحِلْيَةِ: وَاَلَّذِي يَظْهَرُ أَنَّهَا لَوْ يَابِسَةً ذَاتَ جِرْمٍ تَطْهُرُ بِالْحَتِّ وَالْمَسْحِ بِمَا فِيهِ بَلَلٌ ظَاهِرٌ مِنْ خِرْقَةٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ أَثَرُهَا مَعَ عَيْنِهَا، وَلَوْ يَابِسَةً لَيْسَتْ بِذَاتِ جِرْمٍ كَالْبَوْلِ وَالْخَمْرِ فَبِالْمَسْحِ بِمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ لَا غَيْرُ، وَلَوْ رَطْبَةً ذَاتَ جِرْمٍ أَوْ لَا فَبِالْمَسْحِ بِخِرْقَةٍ مُبْتَلَّةٍ أَوْ لَا. [تَنْبِيهٌ]
ص310 – كتاب حاشية ابن عابدين رد المحتار ط الحلبي – باب الأنجاس – المكتبة الشاملة
[2] وَمَا لَا يَنْعَصِرُ يَطْهُرُ بِالْغَسْلِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَالتَّجْفِيفُ فِي كُلِّ مَرَّةٍ؛ لِأَنَّ لِلتَّجْفِيفِ أَثَرًا فِي اسْتِخْرَاجِ النَّجَاسَةِ وَحَدُّ التَّجْفِيفِ أَنْ يُخَلِّيَهُ حَتَّى يَنْقَطِعَ التَّقَاطُرُ وَلَا يُشْتَرَطُ فِيهِ الْيُبْسُ. هَكَذَا فِي التَّبْيِينِ هَذَا إذَا تَشَرَّبَتْ النَّجَاسَةُ كَثِيرًا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَتَشَرَّبْ فِيهِ أَوْ تَشَرَّبَتْ قَلِيلًا يَطْهُرُ بِالْغَسْلِ ثَلَاثًا. هَكَذَا فِي مُحِيطِ السَّرَخْسِيِّ.
وَمَا لَا يَنْعَصِرُ يَطْهُرُ بِالْغَسْلِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَالتَّجْفِيفُ فِي كُلِّ مَرَّةٍ؛ لِأَنَّ لِلتَّجْفِيفِ أَثَرًا فِي اسْتِخْرَاجِ النَّجَاسَةِ وَحَدُّ التَّجْفِيفِ أَنْ يُخَلِّيَهُ حَتَّى يَنْقَطِعَ التَّقَاطُرُ وَلَا يُشْتَرَطُ فِيهِ الْيُبْسُ. هَكَذَا فِي التَّبْيِينِ هَذَا إذَا تَشَرَّبَتْ النَّجَاسَةُ كَثِيرًا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَتَشَرَّبْ فِيهِ أَوْ تَشَرَّبَتْ قَلِيلًا يَطْهُرُ بِالْغَسْلِ ثَلَاثًا. هَكَذَا فِي مُحِيطِ السَّرَخْسِيِّ.
ص42 – كتاب الفتاوى العالمكيرية الفتاوى الهندية – الفصل الأول في تطهير الأنجاس – المكتبة الشاملة
[3] (الْفَصْلُ الْأَوَّلُ فِي تَطْهِيرِ الْأَنْجَاسِ) مَا يَطْهُرُ بِهِ النَّجَسُ عَشْرَةٌ: (مِنْهَا) الْغُسْلُ يَجُوزُ تَطْهِيرُ النَّجَاسَةِ بِالْمَاءِ وَبِكُلِّ مَائِعٍ طَاهِرٍ يُمْكِنُ إزَالَتُهَا بِهِ كَالْخَلِّ وَمَاءِ الْوَرْدِ وَنَحْوِهِ مِمَّا إذَا عُصِرَ انْعَصَرَ. كَذَا فِي الْهِدَايَةِ.
وَمَا لَا يَنْعَصِرُ كَالدُّهْنِ لَمْ يَجُزْ إزَالَتُهَا بِهِ. كَذَا فِي الْكَافِي وَكَذَا الدِّبْسُ وَاللَّبَنُ وَالْعَصِيرُ كَذَا فِي التَّبْيِينِ وَمِنْ الْمَائِعَاتِ الْمَاءُ الْمُسْتَعْمَلُ وَهَذَا قَوْلُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَرِوَايَةٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَعَلَيْهِ الْفَتْوَى. هَكَذَا فِي الزَّاهِدِيِّ وَإِزَالَتُهَا إنْ كَانَتْ مَرْئِيَّةً بِإِزَالَةِ عَيْنِهَا وَأَثَرِهَا إنْ كَانَتْ شَيْئًا يَزُولُ أَثَرُهُ وَلَا يُعْتَبَرُ فِيهِ الْعَدَدُ. كَذَا فِي الْمُحِيطِ فَلَوْ زَالَتْ عَيْنُهَا بِمَرَّةٍ اكْتَفَى بِهَا وَلَوْ لَمْ
ص41 – كتاب الفتاوى العالمكيرية الفتاوى الهندية – الباب السابع في النجاسة وأحكامها وفيه ثلاثة فصول – المكتبة الشاملة
Only Allah (عز و جل) knows best.
Written by Alimah Saleha Bukhari Islam
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham