Fatwa ID: 07294
Answered by: Maulana Abdoullah Limvoonheek
Question:
I usually think a lot and tend to day dream. In order to stop this bad habit, I told myself ‘’ I’m going (or I’ll try, not sure) to stop thinking About that, and then I said Bismillah. But by saying so, I thought ‘’ you’re taking an oath ‘’ and when I pronounced the name of Allah, I think I did it with the intention of taking an oath. Does that count like one, and will it require expiation if I break it? Is saying Bismillah or the name of Allah by thinking About taking an oath make it effective?
Note that I usually have intrusive thoughts that I take oaths which sometimes causes me to think I take an oath, and this time I don’t know if I intended it and if it really did when I pronounced the name of Allah.
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
It is of great virtue that a person starts anything with the name of Allah. It brings barakah in the task one will take.
You must determine whether you took the name of Allah as barakah or as an oath.
There are 3 types of oaths:
First is ghamus, which is taking a false oath on not doing something which was done. A person will be sinful but no kaffarah.
Second is laghu, which is taking an oath on something being true but it was false. There will be no sin and no kaffarah.
Third is ma’qudah, which is done on something to do or not in the future. If it is broken kaffarah need to be paid.
Today unfortunately people disrespect and misuse the name of Allah. In common statement a person take an oath and say wallahi. Such an oath is laghu and there will be no kaffarah.
However if it was serious and sincere in it, as such if it is broken then one have to pay kaffarah which is to feed 10 person or cloth them. One can also fast for 3 days
Reference:
Mariful Quran Surah Baqarah ayah 225
لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللّٰهُ بِاللَّغۡوِ فِىۡٓ اَيۡمَانِكُمۡ وَلٰـكِنۡ يُّؤَاخِذُكُمۡ بِمَا كَسَبَتۡ قُلُوۡبُكُمۡؕ وَاللّٰهُ غَفُوۡرٌ حَلِيۡمٌ
Surah Maidah ayah 89
لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللّٰهُ بِاللَّغۡوِ فِىۡۤ اَيۡمَانِكُمۡ وَلٰـكِنۡ يُّؤَاخِذُكُمۡ بِمَا عَقَّدْتُّمُ الۡاَيۡمَانَ ۚ فَكَفَّارَتُهٗۤ اِطۡعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسٰكِيۡنَ مِنۡ اَوۡسَطِ مَا تُطۡعِمُوۡنَ اَهۡلِيۡكُمۡ اَوۡ كِسۡوَتُهُمۡ اَوۡ تَحۡرِيۡرُ رَقَبَةٍ ؕ فَمَنۡ لَّمۡ يَجِدۡ فَصِيَامُ ثَلٰثَةِ اَيَّامٍ ؕ ذٰ لِكَ كَفَّارَةُ اَيۡمَانِكُمۡ اِذَا حَلَفۡتُمۡ ؕ وَاحۡفَظُوۡۤا اَيۡمَانَكُمۡ ؕ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللّٰهُ لَـكُمۡ اٰيٰتِهٖ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُوۡنَ
الْيَمِينُ – بِاَللَّهِ – تَعَالَى مُنْقَسِمٌ ثَلَاثَةَ أَقْسَامٍ فِي عُرْفِ الشَّرْعِ يَمِينُ الْغَمُوسِ وَيَمِينُ اللَّغْوِ وَيَمِينٌ مَعْقُودَةٌ
(وَلَنَا) قَوْله تَعَالَى – ﴿لا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا عَقَّدْتُمُ الأَيْمَانَ﴾ [المائدة: ٨٩] قَابَلَ يَمِينَ اللَّغْوِ بِالْيَمِينِ الْمَعْقُودَةِ وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْمُؤَاخَذَةِ وَنَفْيِهَا فَيَجِبُ أَنْ تَكُونَ يَمِينُ اللَّغْوِ غَيْرَ الْيَمِينِ الْمَعْقُودَةِ تَحْقِيقًا لِلْمُقَابَلَةِ، وَالْيَمِينُ فِي الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ يَمِينٌ مَعْقُودَةٌ سَوَاءٌ وُجِدَ الْقَصْدُ أَوْ لَا وَلِأَنَّ اللَّغْوَ فِي اللُّغَةِ اسْمٌ لِلشَّيْءِ الَّذِي لَا حَقِيقَةَ لَهُ.
قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ﴿لا يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغْوًا وَلا تَأْثِيمًا﴾ [الواقعة: ٢٥] أَيْ بَاطِلًا.
وَقَالَ ﷿ خَبَرًا عَنْ الْكَفَرَةِ ﴿وَالْغَوْا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَغْلِبُونَ﴾ [فصلت: ٢٦] وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا قُلْنَا وَهُوَ الْحَلِفُ بِمَا لَا حَقِيقَةَ لَهُ بَلْ عَلَى ظَنٍّ مِنْ الْحَالِفِ أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ كَمَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ وَالْحَقِيقَةُ بِخِلَافِهِ وَكَذَا مَا يَجْرِي عَلَى اللِّسَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِ قَصْدٍ لَكِنْ فِي الْمَاضِي أَوْ الْحَالِ فَهُوَ مِمَّا لَا حَقِيقَةَ لَهُ فَكَانَ لَغْوًا وَلِأَنَّ اللَّغْوَ لَمَّا كَانَ هُوَ الَّذِي لَا حَقِيقَةَ لَهُ كَانَ هُوَ الْبَاطِلَ الَّذِي لَا حُكْمَ لَهُ فَلَا يَكُونُ يَمِينًا مَعْقُودَةً لِأَنَّ لَهَا حُكْمًا
بدائع الصنائع ج٣ ص٤
Only Allah (عز و جل) knows best.
Written by Maulana Abdoullah Limvoonheek
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham
