Fatwa ID: 07957

 

Answered by Maulana Sakib Shadman

 

Question:

 

My question is in regards to who can be the wali, if no wali is available. the girl that i want to marry has spoken to her family about me, and they quickly rejected me without even speaking to me or even giving me a chance to introduce myself. The reason that they gave is that they want their daughter to marry a “British born whos family is settled here”, the reality is my family is all settled in the uk with permanent residence, we have been living her for the past 10 years, i have Italian nationality which in fact is a stronger nationality then British. they have an issue with me being born in Pakistan as they think i have “pk mentality” but the reality is i was raised abroad, i lived in Italy for 15 years and now in the uk for 10 years. Her family is not even willing to speak to me, the girl has been trying to convince them as we really want their blessings but they have threatened their daughter saying that if i even try to speak to them there will be serious consequences for the daughter. besides these reasons they don’t have any other reasons because we have tried askig that multiple times, we have tried getting family friends involved but they are not willing to reason with anyone. the family from the father side all despise her since birth and have tried black magic on her before. her mother side are threatening to cut her off if she gets married to me. we have tried everything but no result. in this circumstances i would like to know who can be the wali outside of her family.

 

 

 

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

 

Answer:

 

In the Hanafi madhab, a mature (Baligah) woman can marry without a Wali (guardian). Her nikah will be valid. However, if the husband is not compatible with her, the Wali of the girl can cancel/ annul the nikah. Compatibility can be in terms of:

• Your wealth
• Lineage
• Profession/ your line of work
• Piety, etc.

 

Even if we assume that your are compatible with the girl, it is evident that you marrying the girl will really upset the family and you will be causing a major rift between the girl and her parents. Hence my advice is that you do not marry this girl and you find someone else for marriage. It is always advisable to have the blessings of a girl’s family before you marry her. You will encounter many problems after marriage if you are not on good terms with your in-laws. If the family is mistreating their daughter, they will be accountable to Allah Ta’ala. But it doesn’t give you an excuse to marry this girl against her family’s wishes.

 

In conclusion, please move on and find a girl who’s parents are supportive of you. Do not coerce this girl to disobey her parents wishes, even if you disagree with their reasoning. If she goes against her parents wishes and marries you, this marriage will likely be void of barakah/ blessings due to the girl blatantly disregarding her parent’s order.

 

 

Only Allah (عز و جل) knows best.

Written by Maulana Sakib Shadman

Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah

Darul Ifta Birmingham

 

 

 

 

References:

 

نفذ نكاح حرة مكلفة بلا ولينفذ نكاح حرة مكلفة بلا ولي، ولا تجبر بكر بالغة على النكاح

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ص202 – كتاب النهر الفائق شرح كنز الدقائق – باب الأولياء والأكفاء – المكتبة الشاملة

 

نَفَذَ نِكَاحُ حُرَّةٍ مُكَلَّفَةٍ بِلَا وَلِيٍّ عِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَبِي يُوسُفَ – رَحِمَهُمَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى – فِي ظَاهِرِ الرِّوَايَةِ، كَذَا فِي التَّبْيِينِ. سُئِلَ شَيْخُ الْإِسْلَامِ عَطَاءُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ عَنْ امْرَأَةٍ شَافِعِيَّةٍ بِكْرٍ بَالِغَةٍ زَوَّجَتْ نَفْسَهَا مِنْ حَنَفِيٍّ بِغَيْرِ إذْنِ أَبِيهَا وَالْأَبُ لَا يَرْضَى وَرَدَّهُ هَلْ يَصِحُّ هَذَا النِّكَاحُ؟ . قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَكَذَلِكَ لَوْ زَوَّجَتْ نَفْسَهَا مِنْ شَافِعِيٍّ، كَذَا فِي الظَّهِيرِيَّةِ

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ص287 – كتاب الفتاوى العالمكيرية الفتاوى الهندية – وقت الدخول بالصغيرة – المكتبة الشاملة

 

الْوَلِيُّ مِنْ الْوِلَايَةِ وَهِيَ تَنْفِيذُ الْأَمْرِ عَلَى الْغَيْرِ وَالْأَكْفَاءُ جَمْعُ كُفْءٍ وَهُوَ النَّظِيرُ وَالْمُسَاوِي (نَفَذَ) أَيْ صَحَّ (نِكَاحُ حُرَّةٍ) احْتِرَازٌ عَنْ الْأَمَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ نِكَاحَهَا مَوْقُوفٌ عَلَى إذْنِ مَوْلَاهَا كَتَوَقُّفِ نِكَاحِ الصَّغِيرَةِ وَالْمَجْنُونَةِ وَالْمَعْتُوهَةِ عَلَى إذْنِ الْمَوْلَى وَلِذَا قَالَ (مُكَلَّفَةٍ) بِكْرًا كَانَتْ، أَوْ ثَيِّبًا (بِلَا وَلِيٍّ) أَيْ وَلَوْ كَانَ النِّكَاحُ بِلَا إذْنِ وَلِيٍّ وَحُضُورِهِ عِنْدَ الشَّيْخَيْنِ فِي ظَاهِرِ الرِّوَايَةِ لِأَنَّهَا تَصَرُّفٌ فِي خَالِصِ حَقِّهَا وَهِيَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ؛ لِكَوْنِهَا عَاقِلَةً بَالِغَةً وَلِهَذَا كَانَ لَهَا التَّصَرُّفُ فِي الْمَالِ، وَالْأَصْلُ هُنَا أَنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ يَجُوزُ تَصَرُّفُهُ فِي مَالِهِ بِوِلَايَةِ نَفْسِهِ يَجُوزُ نِكَاحُهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَكُلُّ مَنْ لَا يَجُوزُ لَا، وَأَطْلَقَهُ فَشَمِلَ الْكُفْءَ وَغَيْرَهُ وَعِنْدَ الْأَئِمَّةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ لَا يَنْعَقِدُ بِعِبَارَةِ النِّسَاءِ أَصْلًا أَصِيلَةً كَانَتْ أَوْ وَكِيلَةً إلَّا عِنْدَ مَالِكٍ فِي رِوَايَةٍ لَوْ كَانَتْ خَسِيسَةً لَا شَرِيفَةً صَحَّ بِلَا وَلِيٍّ وَالْخِلَافُ فِي إنْشَاءِ النِّكَاحِ وَأَمَّا إقْرَارُهَا بِهِ فَجَائِزٌ اتِّفَاقًا كَمَا فِي الْحَقَائِقِ (وَلَهُ) أَيْ لِكُلٍّ مِنْ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ إذَا لَمْ يَرْضَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمْ (الِاعْتِرَاضُ) أَيْ وِلَايَةُ الْمُرَافَعَةِ إلَى الْقَاضِي لِيَفْسَخَ وَلَيْسَ هَذَا التَّفْرِيقُ طَلَاقًا حَتَّى لَا يَنْقُصَ عَدَدُ الطَّلَاقِ وَلَا يَجِبُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ الْمَهْرِ قَبْلَ الدُّخُولِ وَلَوْ بَعْدَهُ لَهَا الْمُسَمَّى، وَكَذَا بَعْدَ الْخَلْوَةِ الصَّحِيحَةِ وَعَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ وَلَهَا نَفَقَةُ الْعِدَّةِ وَلَا يَثْبُتُ إلَّا بِالْقَضَاءِ لِأَنَّهُ مُجْتَهِدٌ فِيهِ وَالنِّكَاحُ صَحِيحٌ يَتَوَارَثَانِ بِهِ إذَا مَاتَ أَحَدُهُمَا قَبْلَ الْقَضَاءِ (فِي غَيْرِ الْكُفْءِ) دَفْعًا لِضَرَرِ الْعَارِ، فَإِنْ رَضِيَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمْ لَيْسَ لِمَنْ فِي دَرَجَتِهِ أَوْ أَسْفَلَ اعْتِرَاضٌ. هَذَا إذَا لَمْ تَلِدْ مِنْهُ وَأَمَّا إذَا سَكَتَ حَتَّى وَلَدَتْ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ الِاعْتِرَاضُ لِئَلَّا يَضِيعَ الْوَلَدُ كَمَا فِي أَكْثَرِ الْمُعْتَبَرَاتِ وَقِيلَ: لَهُ الِاعْتِرَاضُ وَإِنْ وَلَدَتْ أَوْلَادًا.

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ص332 – كتاب مجمع الأنهر في شرح ملتقى الأبحر – باب

الأولياء والأكفاء – المكتبة الشاملة

 

وَمِنْهَا الْمَالُ، فَلَا يَكُونُ الْفَقِيرُ كُفْئًا لِلْغَنِيَّةِ؛ لِأَنَّ التَّفَاخُرَ بِالْمَالِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ التَّفَاخُرِ بِغَيْرِهِ عَادَةً، وَخُصُوصًا فِي زَمَانِنَا هَذَا؛ وَلِأَنَّ لِلنِّكَاحِ تَعَلُّقًا بِالْمَهْرِ وَالنَّفَقَةِ تَعَلُّقًا لَازِمًا، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ بِدُونِ الْمَهْرِ، وَالنَّفَقَةُ لَازِمَةٌ، وَلَا تَعَلُّقَ لَهُ بِالنَّسَبِ وَالْحُرِّيَّةِ، فَلَمَّا اُعْتُبِرَتْ الْكَفَاءَةُ ثَمَّةَ، فَلَأَنْ تُعْتَبَرَ هَهُنَا أَوْلَى، وَالْمُعْتَبَرُ فِيهِ الْقُدْرَةُ عَلَى مَهْرِ مِثْلِهَا، وَالنَّفَقَةِ، وَلَا تُعْتَبَرُ الزِّيَادَةُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى أَنَّ الزَّوْجَ إذَا كَانَ قَادِرًا عَلَى مَهْرِ مِثْلِهَا، وَنَفَقَتِهَا يَكُونُ كُفْئًا لَهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَا يُسَاوِيهَا فِي الْمَالِ هَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَبِي يُوسُفَ، وَمُحَمَّدٍ فِي ظَاهِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ

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ص319 – كتاب بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع – فصل في ما تعتبر فيه الكفاءة ومنها الحرية – المكتبة الشاملة

 

{ ۞ وَقَضَىٰ رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعۡبُدُوۤا۟ إِلَّاۤ إِیَّاهُ وَبِٱلۡوَ ٰ⁠لِدَیۡنِ إِحۡسَـٰنًاۚ إِمَّا یَبۡلُغَنَّ عِندَكَ ٱلۡكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمَاۤ أَوۡ كِلَاهُمَا فَلَا تَقُل لَّهُمَاۤ أُفࣲّ وَلَا تَنۡهَرۡهُمَا وَقُل لَّهُمَا قَوۡلࣰا كَرِیمࣰا }

[Surah Al-Isrāʾ: 23]

 

حَدَّثَنَا سُوَيْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ ‏ “‏ أَسْرَعُ الْخَيْرِ ثَوَابًا الْبِرُّ وَصِلَةُ الرَّحِمِ وَأَسْرَعُ الشَّرِّ عُقُوبَةً الْبَغْىُ وَقَطِيعَةُ الرَّحِمِ ‏”‏ ‏.‏

 

It was narrated from ‘Aishah, the Mother of the Believers, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The most quickly rewarded of good deeds are kindness and upholding the ties of kinship, and the most quickly punished evil deeds are injustice and severing the ties of kinship.”

 

Sunan Ibn Majah 4212

Chapter 23: Injustice, Book 37: Zuhd

Grade: Da’if (Darussalam)

https://sunnah.com/ibnmajah:4212