Fatwa ID: 07959
Answered by Alimah Maryam Badshah
Question:
The dentist offered a deal saying that for £12.50 a month, a person will get 2 free cleans and if anything mishaps occur during the course of the year, the £12.50 will cover it.
Due to the element of غرر, what’s the ruling of the entire transaction?
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
To put this transaction simply, it would be the equivalent of insurance or warranty, with the two cleans being an additional free service. This transaction would not be permissible since you are paying a set amount for the repair of an unknown “mishap” of an unknown worth, as well as it being uncertain as to if or when this transaction will ever occur.
Only Allah (عز و جل) knows best.
Written by Alimah Maryam Badshah
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham
References:
وَأَمَّا شَرَائِطُ الصِّحَّةِ فَعَامَّةٌ وَخَاصَّةٌ فَالْعَامَّةُ لِكُلِّ بَيْعٍ مَا هُوَ شَرْطُ الِانْعِقَادِ؛ لِأَنَّ مَا لَا يَنْعَقِدُ لَمْ يَصِحَّ وَلَا يَنْعَكِسُ، فَإِنَّ الْفَاسِدَ عِنْدَنَا مُنْعَقِدٌ نَافِذٌ إذَا اتَّصَلَ بِهِ الْقَبْضُ، وَمِنْهَا أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ مُؤَقَّتًا، فَإِنْ أَقَّتَهُ لَمْ يَصِحَّ بِخِلَافِ الْإِجَارَةِ، فَإِنَّ التَّأْقِيتَ شَرْطُهَا، وَمِنْهَا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَبِيعُ مَعْلُومًا وَالثَّمَنُ مَعْلُومًا عِلْمًا يَمْنَعُ مِنْ الْمُنَازَعَةِ فَالْمَجْهُولُ جَهَالَةً مُفْضِيَةً إلَيْهَا غَيْرُ صَحِيحٍ كَشَاةٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْقَطِيعِ وَبَيْعُ الشَّيْءِ بِقِيمَتِهِ وَبِحُكْمِ فُلَانٍ، وَمِنْهَا خُلُوُّهُ عَنْ شَرْطٍ مُفْسِدٍ وَهُوَ أَنْوَاعٌ شُرِطَ فِي وُجُودِهِ غَرَرٌ…
Al-Bahr Al-Rāiq (Vol.5, pg.281, Dār Al-Kitab Al-Islami)
وَلَوْ صَالَحَ عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ حَقِّهِ قَدْرًا وَوَصْفًا، أَوْ قَدْرًا لَا وَصْفًا لَا يَجُوزُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ رِبًا،
Badā’i’ Al-Ṣanā’i’ (Vol.6, pg.45, Dār Al-Kutub Al-’Ilmiyyah)
ذَكَرَ فِي الدُّرَرِ أَنَّ النَّهْيَ عَنْ إلْقَاءِ الْحَجَرِ أُلْحِقَ بِالْأَوَّلَيْنِ دَلَالَةً (قَوْلُهُ لِوُجُودِ الْقِمَارِ) أَيْ بِسَبَبِ تَعْلِيقِ التَّمْلِيكِ بِأَحَدِ هَذِهِ الْأَفْعَالِ.
Raddul Muhtār (Vol.5, pg.65-6, Dār Al-Fiqr)
