Fatwa ID: 09232
Answered by Muftiyah Maryam Badshah
Question:
As-salamu alaykum, I have a question regarding expiation for intercourse during the daytime in Ramadan:
On one day in Ramadan, I first ejaculated deliberately out of desire, and then about an hour later I had full sexual intercourse with penetration during the same daytime.
My questions are:
Do I only have to make up one fasted day, or more than one?
Is the major expiation (kaffarah) required in this case, even though the fast had already been invalidated before intercourse?
If the kaffarah is required, is it in this order: fasting two consecutive months, and if unable, then feeding 60 poor people?
If I move to feeding because of a valid inability, is it permissible to feed 60 poor people in Egypt, while I am currently living in the UK?
Jazakum Allahu khayran.
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
“It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives [for sexual relations]. They are a clothing for you and you are a clothing for them. Allāh knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He accepted your repentance and forgave you. So now, have relations with them and seek that which Allāh has decreed for you [i.e., offspring]. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until the night [i.e., sunset]. And do not have relations with them as long as you are staying for worship in the mosques. These are the limits [set by] Allāh, so do not approach them. Thus does Allāh make clear His verses [i.e., ordinances] to the people that they may become righteous.” Surah al-Baqarah (2:187)[1]
In the event where you ejaculated deliberately due to a physical action, your fast will be broken but only Qadha’ will be due. In such a situation, as your fast was already broken, the intercourse after this would not require Qadha’ and Kaffarah. However, if you had ejaculation from desire solely due to looking or your thoughts, your fast would not have broken at this point, and therefore the intercourse would render both Qadha’ and Kaffarah due.[2]
“O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous” Surah al-Baqarah (2:183)[3]
When both Qadha’ and Kaffarah are due, the Qadha’ should be performed before commencing with the 60-day fasts of Kaffarah. You are correct in that an individual who is healthy and physically able to perform the 60 consecutive fasts would not be permitted to feed 60 needy persons, as this concession is only for those who are unable to perform these fasts due to severe illness or old age. If an individual is in such a state which permits them to feed 60 needy persons, it would be permissible to feed people from another country like Egypt.[4]
You should keep in mind that even if you are not required to perform Kaffarah, you have both committed a major sin by breaking your fast without a Shar’i reason, as well as deprived yourself of the blessings and immense rewards of fasting in Ramadhan. You should seek sincere forgiveness from Allah ﷻ and endeavor not to commit such an act again.
Allah’s Messenger ﷺ said: “Allah ﷻ said: “All the deeds of Adam’s sons (people) are for them, except fasting which is for Me, and I will give the reward for it.’ Fasting is a shield or protection from the fire and from committing sins. If one of you is fasting, he should avoid sexual relations with his wife and quarreling, and if somebody should fight or quarrel with him, he should say, “I am fasting.” By Him in Whose Hands my soul is. The unpleasant smell coming out from the mouth of a fasting person is better in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk. There are two pleasures for the fasting person, one at the time of breaking his fast, and the other at the time when he will meet his Lord; then he will be pleased because of his fasting.” (Bukhari) [5]
Only Allah ﷻ knows best.
Written by Muftiyah Maryam Badshah
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham
References:
[1]
أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ ۚ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَّهُنَّ ۗ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنكُمْ ۖ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۚ وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ۚ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ ۗ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَقْرَبُوهَا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ
Qur’an (2:187)
[2]
وَإِذَا نَظَرَ إلَى امْرَأَةٍ بِشَهْوَةٍ فِي وَجْهِهَا أَوْ فَرْجِهَا كَرَّرَ النَّظَرَ أَوَّلًا لَا يُفْطِرُ إذَا أَنْزَلَ كَذَا فِي فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ، وَكَذَا لَا يُفْطِرُ بِالْفِكْرِ إذَا أَمْنَى هَكَذَا فِي السِّرَاجِ الْوَهَّاجِ…
الصَّائِمُ إذَا عَالَجَ ذَكَرَهُ حَتَّى أَمْنَى فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ، وَهُوَ الْمُخْتَارُ وَبِهِ قَالَ عَامَّةُ الْمَشَايِخِ كَذَا فِي الْبَحْرِ الرَّائِقِ. وَإِذَا عَالَجَ ذَكَرَهُ بِيَدِ امْرَأَتِهِ فَأَنْزَلَ فَسَدَ صَوْمُهُ كَذَا فِي السِّرَاجِ الْوَهَّاجِ…
النَّوْعُ الثَّانِي مَا يُوجِبُ الْقَضَاءَ وَالْكَفَّارَةَ) . مَنْ جَامَعَ عَمْدًا فِي أَحَدِ السَّبِيلَيْنِ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَالْكَفَّارَةُ، وَلَا يُشْتَرَطُ الْإِنْزَالُ فِي الْمَحَلَّيْنِ كَذَا فِي الْهِدَايَةِ…
Al-Fatāwa al-Hindiyyah (Vol.1, pg.204-5, Dār Al-Fiqr)
٦ – ذَهَبَ الْحَنَفِيَّةُ وَالشَّافِعِيَّةُ إِلَى: أَنَّ إِنْزَال الْمَنِيِّ أَوِ الْمَذْيِ عَنْ نَظَرٍ وَفِكْرٍ لاَ يُبْطِل الصِّيَامَ…
Al-Mawsoo’ah Al-Fiqhiyyah Al-Kuwaitiyyah (Vol.26, pg.267, Dār Al-Salāsil)
[3]
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
Qur’an (2:183)
[4]
مَطْلَبٌ فِي الْكَفَّارَةِ (قَوْلُهُ: كَكَفَّارَةِ الْمُظَاهِرِ) مُرْتَبِطٌ بِقَوْلِهِ وَكَفَّرَ أَيْ مِثْلُهَا فِي التَّرْتِيبِ فَيَعْتِقُ أَوَّلًا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ صَامَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَطْعَمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا لِحَدِيثِ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ الْمَعْرُوفِ فِي الْكُتُبِ السِّتَّةِ فَلَوْ أَفْطَرَ وَلَوْ لِعُذْرٍ اسْتَأْنَفَ إلَّا لِعُذْرِ الْحَيْضِ…
Raddul Muhtār (Vol.2, pg.412, Dār Al-Fiqr)
قَوْلُهُ: فِي الصُّوَرِ كُلِّهَا) أَيْ الْمَذْكُورَةِ فِي قَوْلِهِ وَإِنْ جَامَعَ إلَخْ (قَوْلُهُ وَكَفَّرَ) تَرَكَ بَيَانَ وَقْتِ وُجُوبِ الْقَضَاءِ وَالْكَفَّارَةِ إشْعَارًا بِأَنَّهُ عَلَى التَّرَاخِي كَمَا قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَقَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ إنَّهُ عَلَى الْفَوْرِ، وَعَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ رِوَايَتَانِ كَمَا فِي التُّمُرْتَاشِيِّ وَقِيلَ بَيْنَ رَمَضَانَيْنِ وَقَالَ الْكَرْخِيُّ وَالْأَوَّلُ الصَّحِيحُ، وَكَذَا لَا يُكْرَهُ نَفْلُهُ كَمَا فِي الزَّاهِدِيِّ وَإِنَّمَا قَدَّمَ الْقَضَاءَ إشْعَارًا بِأَنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُقَدِّمَهُ عَلَى الْكَفَّارَةِ وَيُسْتَحَبُّ التَّتَابُعُ كَمَا فِي الْهِدَايَةِ قُهُسْتَانِيٌّ
Raddul Muhtār (Vol.2, pg.411, Dār Al-Fiqr)
[5]
حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، أَخْبَرَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عَطَاءٌ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ الزَّيَّاتِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم “ قَالَ اللَّهُ كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ لَهُ إِلاَّ الصِّيَامَ، فَإِنَّهُ لِي، وَأَنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ. وَالصِّيَامُ جُنَّةٌ، وَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ صَوْمِ أَحَدِكُمْ، فَلاَ يَرْفُثْ وَلاَ يَصْخَبْ، فَإِنْ سَابَّهُ أَحَدٌ، أَوْ قَاتَلَهُ فَلْيَقُلْ إِنِّي امْرُؤٌ صَائِمٌ. وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ لَخُلُوفُ فَمِ الصَّائِمِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ، لِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ يَفْرَحُهُمَا إِذَا أَفْطَرَ فَرِحَ، وَإِذَا لَقِيَ رَبَّهُ فَرِحَ بِصَوْمِهِ ”.
Sahih al-Bukhari 1904 (Bk.30, ch.9, sunnah.com)