Fatwa ID: 08954
Answered by Maulana Abdool Taheer Hussein Tagaully
Question:
If someone has gone to London in jamat and he’ll be there for about a month, will he do qasr or full? He will be changing masjids and areas every few days but will still be in London for the whole month?
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
In the Hanafi madhhab, the ruling of qasr (shortening prayers) is connected to the legal status of a person as a traveller or a resident [1]. A person becomes a musafir (traveller) when he leaves his city intending a Shar’i journey [2]. However, once he reaches a town or city and intends to stay there for fifteen days or more, he becomes a muqeem (resident), and qasr no longer applies [3].
In the present case, the main question is not whether he will remain in one masjid, but whether he will remain within one city. According to the Hanafi jurists, if a traveller intends to stay for fifteen days or more in different places within one city, he becomes a muqeem, because those places are legally regarded as one place. Therefore, changing masjids or areas within London does not affect the ruling [4].
In conclusion, since the person has intended to stay in London for one month, he is considered a Muqeem according to the Hanafi madhhab, even though he will be moving to different masjids and areas within London because these are treated as one place. He will not perform qasr; rather he must perform his salaat in full.
Only Allah ﷻ knows best.
Written by Maulana Abdool Taheer Hussein Tagaully
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham
References:
[1]
فَإِذَا قَصَدَ مَسِيرَةَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ قَصَرَ الصَّلَاةَ حِينَ تَخَلَّفَ عُمْرَانُ الْمِصْرِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مَادَامَ فِي الْمِصْرِ فَهُوَ نَاوِي السَّفَرِ لَا مُسَافِرٌ، فَإِذَا جَاوَزَ عُمْرَانَ الْمِصْرِ صَارَ مُسَافِرًا لِاقْتِرَانِ النِّيَّةِ بِعَمَلِ السَّفَرِ، وَالْأَصْلُ فِيهِ حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ – رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ – حِينَ خَرَجَ مِنْ الْبَصْرَةِ يُرِيدُ الْكُوفَةَ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ أَرْبَعًا ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إلَى خُصٍّ أَمَامَهُ فَقَالَ: لَوْ جَاوَزْنَا ذَلِكَ الْخُصَّ صَلَّيْنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ
Al-Mabsut al-Sarakhsi – Vol 1 – Pg 236 – Dar al-Ma’rifah
«(السفر الذي تتغير به الأحكام) : كقصر الصلاة»
Al-Lubaab fi Sharh al-Kitaab – Vol 1 – Pg 105 – al-Maktabah al-‘Ilmiyyah
[2]
«وَأَمَّا بَيَانُ مَا يَصِيرُ بِهِ الْمُقِيمُ مُسَافِرًا: فَاَلَّذِي يَصِيرُ الْمُقِيمُ بِهِ مُسَافِرًا نِيَّةُ مُدَّةِ السَّفَرِ وَالْخُرُوجُ مِنْ عُمْرَانِ الْمِصْرِ»
Badaai’ al-Sanaai’ – Vol 1 – Pg 93 – Dar al-kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah
[3]
«وَأَمَّا بَيَانُ مَا يَصِيرُ الْمُسَافِرُ بِهِ مُقِيمًا: فَالْمُسَافِرُ يَصِيرُ مُقِيمًا بِوُجُودِ الْإِقَامَةِ، وَالْإِقَامَةُ تَثْبُتُ بِأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْيَاءَ: أَحَدُهَا: صَرِيحُ نِيَّةِ الْإِقَامَةِ وَهُوَ أَنْ يَنْوِيَ الْإِقَامَةَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا فِي مَكَان وَاحِدٍ صَالِحٍ لِلْإِقَامَةِ فَلَا بُدَّ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْيَاءَ: نِيَّةُ الْإِقَامَةِ وَنِيَّةُ مُدَّةِ الْإِقَامَةِ، وَاتِّحَادُ الْمَكَانِ، وَصَلَاحِيَتُهُ لِلْإِقَامَةِ»
Badaai’ al-Sanaai’ – Vol 1 – Pg 97 – Dar al-kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah
«(ولا يزال على حكم السفر حتى ينوي الإقامة في بلدة أو قرية خمسة عشر يوما أو أكثر، وإن نوى أقل من ذلك قصر)»
Fath al-Qadeer – Vol 2 – Pg 34 – Dar al-Fikr
[4]
«(وَأَمَّا) اتِّحَادُ الْمَكَانِ: فَالشَّرْطُ نِيَّةُ مُدَّةِ الْإِقَامَةِ فِي مَكَان وَاحِدٍ؛ لِأَنَّ الْإِقَامَةَ قَرَارٌ وَالِانْتِقَالُ يُضَادُّهُ وَلَا بُدَّ مِنْ الِانْتِقَالِ فِي مَكَانَيْنِ وَإِذَا عُرِفَ هَذَا فَنَقُولُ: إذَا نَوَى الْمُسَافِرُ الْإِقَامَةَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا فِي مَوْضِعَيْنِ فَإِنْ كَانَ مِصْرًا وَاحِدًا أَوْ قَرْيَةً وَاحِدَةً صَارَ مُقِيمًا؛ لِأَنَّهُمَا مُتَّحِدَانِ حُكْمًا،»
Badaai’ al-Sanaai’ – Vol 1 – Pg 98 – Dar al-kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah