Fatwa ID: 09270
Answered by Mufti Abdurrahman Mohammad
Question:
Is there any hadith indicating that ghina should be for ghina throughout the year? Majority of the narrations talking about ghina with regards to being eligible for receiving zakat refer to something being enough for a day. These narrations are quoted by jassas and tahawi etc., and its through them they establish ghina and nisab al-masalah.
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
Zakat is obligatory upon a person who possesses Nisab at the beginning and end of the year. This is because the Ahadith give consideration to Ghinā at the beginning and to the end of the year. The Ahadith indicate that maintaining wealth for a full year establishes Ghinā (financial sufficiency) and necessitates Zakāt. Therefore, the Ghinā relevant to Zakāt is not merely momentary or limited to a single day but rather connected to possessing Nisāb over the course of the zakat year (Hawl).
You may look into the following books for additional references:
Sharh Ma’ānial-Athār (Imam Ja’far at-Tahāwi)
I’lā’ al-Sunan (Mawlana Zafar Ahmad Uthmāni)
Nasb al-Rāya li-Ahadith al-Hidayah (Imam Jamāl al-Din al-Zayla’ī)
The following references are from Nasb al-Rāya li-Ahadith al-Hidayah:
الْحَدِيثُ الثَّالِثُ: قَالَ عليه السلام: “لَا زَكَاةَ فِي مَالٍ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ”، قُلْت: رُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ، وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ رضي الله عنهم
The third hadith: The Prophet ﷺ said: “There is no zakat on wealth until a year passes over it.” I say: It has been narrated in the hadith of Ali ibn Abi Talib, Abdullah ibn Umar, Anas ibn Malik, and Aisha bint Abi Bakr (R.A.).
وَالْحَارِثِ الْأَعْوَرِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ عليه السلام، قَالَ: “إذَا كَانَتْ لَك مِائَتَا دِرْهَمٍ، وَحَالَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ فَفِيهَا خَمْسَةُ دَرَاهِمَ، وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْك شَيْءٌ “يَعْنِي فِي الذَّهَبِ” حَتَّى يَكُونَ لَك عِشْرُونَ دِينَارًا، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ لَك عِشْرُونَ دِينَارًا وَحَالَ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ، فَفِيهَا نِصْفُ دِينَارٍ، فَمَا زَادَ فَبِحِسَابِهَا ذَلِكَ”
Al-Harith al-A’war narrated from Ali ibn Abi Talib from the Prophet ﷺ that he said: “If you possess two hundred dirhams and a year passes over them, then five dirhams are due (as zakat). There is nothing due upon you -meaning in gold – until you possess twenty dinars. When you possess twenty dinars and a year passes over them, then half a dinar is due. Whatever exceeds that is calculated according to that proportion.”
وَهُوَ فِي “مُسْنَدِ أَحْمَدَ”٢ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ مَرْفُوعًا: “لَيْسَ فِي مَالِ زَكَاةٌ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ”، انْتَهَى
It is reported in Musnad Ahmad from ʿĀṣim ibn Ḍamrah from Ali ibn Abi Talib, raised to the Prophet ﷺ: “There is no zakat on wealth until a year passes over it.”
عِنْدَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيِّ٣ عَنْ بَقِيَّةَ عَنْ إسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مَرْفُوعًا: “لَيْسَ فِي مَالٍ زَكَاةٌ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ”، انْتَهَى
In the narration of Al-Daraqutni: from Baqiyyah, from Ismāīl ibn ‘Ayyāsh, from ‘Ubaydullāh ibn ‘Umar, from Nāfi’, from Abdullah ibn Umar, attributed to the Prophet ﷺ: “There is no zakat on wealth until a year passes over it.”
رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ فِي “كِتَابِهِ” بِلَفْظِ: “مَنْ اسْتَفَادَ مَالًا، فَلَا زَكَاةَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ”، انْتَهَى
Al-Tirmidhi narrated it in his book with the wording: “Whoever acquires wealth, there is no zakat upon it until a year passes over it.”
حَدِيثُ نَافِعٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: “لَا زَكَاةَ فِي مَالٍ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ” يَرْوِيهِ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ
The hadith of Nāfiʿ from Abdullah ibn Umar from the Prophet ﷺ: “There is no zakat on wealth until a year passes over it.” It is narrated by ‘Ubaydullāh ibn ‘Umar.
فَأَخْرَجَهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ فِي “سُنَنِهِ”٢ عَنْ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: سَمِعْت رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: “لَا زَكَاةَ فِي مَالٍ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ”، انْتَهَى
Ibn Majah recorded it in his Sunan from Hārithah ibn Abī al-Rijāl, from ‘Amrah, from Aisha bint Abi Bakr, who said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ‘There is no zakat on wealth until a year passes over it.’”
أَخْرَجَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: “مَنْ اسْتَفَادَ مَالًا، فَلَا زَكَاةَ فِيهِ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ”، انْتَهَى
Al-Tirmidhi also reported it from ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Zayd ibn Aslam, from his father, from Abdullah ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Whoever gains wealth, there is no zakat on it until a year passes over it.”
Only Allah ﷻ knows best.
Written by Mufti Abdurrahman Mohammad
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham
References:
[1]
وَمَا دُونَ النِّصَابِ لَا يَكُونُ نِعْمَةً مُوجِبَةً لِلشُّكْرِ لِلْمَالِ بَلْ يَكُونُ شُكْرُهُ شُكْرًا لِنِعْمَةِ الْبَدَنِ لِكَوْنِهِ مِنْ تَوَابِعِ نِعْمَةِ الْبَدَنِ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَا، وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا الشَّرْطَ يُعْتَبَرُ فِي أَوَّلِ الْحَوْلِ وَفِي آخِرِهِ لَا فِي خِلَالِهِ حَتَّى لَوْ انْتَقَصَ النِّصَابُ فِي أَثْنَاءِ الْحَوْلِ ثُمَّ كَمُلَ فِي آخِرِهِ تَجِبُ الزَّكَاةُ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ السَّوَائِمِ أَوْ مِنْ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ أَوْ مَالِ التِّجَارَةِ، وَهَذَا قَوْلُ أَصْحَابِنَا الثَّلَاثَةِ
(Badāi’ Al-Sanāi’ Fī Tartīb Al-Sharāi’, vol. 2, pg. 15, Dār Al-Kutub Al-’Ilmiyyah)
[2]
(Nasb al-Rāya li-Ahadith al-Hidayah, vol. 2, pg. 328-330, Muassasat Al Rayan Lil Tiba’a Wal Nashr)