Fatwa ID: 09105
Answered by Mufti Sakib Shadman
Question:
Salam alaykum mashayikh just been asked,
If someone travels from his home city to second city, will stay one week there, but at day 4 will leave for a day(Fajr to esha), then come back for 3 days, does this cut his إقامة مؤقتة and does he start counting days again from his return, (ie. Prays traveler all along), or does this day trip not affect his iqama, therefore count 7 days and prays muqim.
To make clear what kind of traveling in the middle of a stay somewhere makes the count go back to 0.
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Answer:
A person’s hometown (الوَطن الأصلي) is the place where one has taken up permanent residence. It could be his birthplace or the place where he and his family have permanently migrated. A person is Muqeem (resident) in his hometown, no matter how short a duration he stays there. [3]
Then, when he travels to another location (with the intention of travelling 78 kms or more), he will be considered a Musafir unless he remains there for 15 days or more (without returning to his hometown in between), in which case, that location will be his temporary residence (وطن الاٍقامة). [1]
In your scenario, the person will be Musafir for the entire duration of his stay in the second city, whether he returns to his hometown on day 4 (from Fajr to Isha) or not, because he has not stayed continuously in the second city for 15 days. Accordingly, on day 4, when he returns to his hometown, he will become Muqeem. Thereafter, when he sets out to the second city, he will become Musafir once again after exiting the boundaries of his hometown, and his count will reset to 0. In other words, he will need to dwell in the second city for an additional 15 days to become Muqeem. [2]
Only Allah ﷻ knows best.
Written by Mufti Sakib Shadman
Checked and approved by Mufti Mohammed Tosir Miah
Darul Ifta Birmingham
References:
[1]
(قَوْلُهُ وَيَبْطُلُ وَطَنُ الْإِقَامَةِ) يُسَمَّى أَيْضًا الْوَطَنَ الْمُسْتَعَارَ وَالْحَادِثَ وَهُوَ مَا خَرَجَ إلَيْهِ بِنِيَّةِ إقَامَةِ نِصْفِ شَهْرٍ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْأَصْلِيِّ مَسِيرَةُ السَّفَرِ أَوْ لَا، وَهَذَا رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ سِمَاعَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَنْهُ أَنَّ الْمَسَافَةَ شَرْطٌ وَالْأَوَّلُ هُوَ الْمُخْتَارُ عِنْدَ الْأَكْثَرِينَ قُهُسْتَانِيٌّ.
ص132 – كتاب حاشية ابن عابدين رد المحتار ط الحلبي – مطلب في الوطن الأصلي ووطن الإقامة – المكتبة الشاملة
[2]
وَأَمَّا وَطَنُ الْإِقَامَةِ فَهُوَ الْوَطَنُ الَّذِي يَقْصِدُ الْمُسَافِرُ الْإِقَامَةَ فِيهِ، وَهُوَ صَالِحٌ لَهَا نِصْفَ شَهْرٍ، وَهُوَ يَنْتَقِضُ بِوَاحِدٍ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ بِالْأَصْلِيِّ؛ لِأَنَّهُ فَوْقَهُ وَبِمِثْلِهِ وَبِالسَّفَرِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ ضِدُّهُ
ص147 – كتاب البحر الرائق شرح كنز الدقائق ومنحة الخالق وتكملة الطوري – اقتداء مسافر بمقيم في الصلاة – المكتبة الشاملة
[3]
وَيُسَمَّى الْوَطَنُ الْأَصْلِيُّ وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ إذَا نَشَأَ بِبَلْدَةٍ أَوْ تَأَهَّلَ بِهَا تَوَطَّنَ بِهَا. وَوَطَنٌ مُسْتَعَارٌ وَهُوَ أَنْ يَنْوِيَ الْمُسَافِرُ الْمَقَامَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا وَهُوَ بَعِيدٌ عَنْ وَطَنِهِ الْأَصْلِيِّ وَوَطَنُ سُكْنَى وَهُوَ أَنْ يَنْوِيَ الْمَسَافِرُ الْمُقَامَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ أَقَلَّ مِنْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا أَوْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا وَهُوَ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ وَطَنِهِ الْأَصْلِيِّ
ص252 – كتاب المبسوط للسرخسي – اقتداء المسافر بالمقيم – المكتبة الشاملة